We are pleased to announce that a new scientific paper has been published within the framework of the NATO Science for Peace and Security (SPS) project G7394 – “Post-quantum Digital Signature using Verkle Trees”

Title: Verkle Trees and FRI-Based Commitments: A Hybrid Framework for Transparent Post-quantum Signatures

Authors: Giorgi Akhalaia (Caucasus University), Maksim Iavich (Caucasus University), and Razvan Bocu (Transilvania University of Brasov)

Published in: Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2026), Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol. 295, Springer.

About the paper:

The rapid development of quantum computers poses a serious threat to classical digital signature schemes such as RSA and ECDSA. The paper analyzes post-quantum hash-based digital signature schemes – from one-time signatures to stateful and stateless many-time schemes – and examines how Verkle trees offer exponential proof-size reduction compared to traditional Merkle trees. After comparing polynomial commitment schemes (KZG, Bulletproofs, FRI, and lattice-based constructions), the authors propose a novel hybrid architecture combining Verkle trees with FRI-based commitments – paving the way toward transparent, stateless, and quantum-resistant cryptographic systems.

Read the paper: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-23271-7_1

Project website: https://quantum.unitbv.ro/

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